Guide

Ilizarov method in veterinary medicine: what it is, indications and planning

By Prof. Antonio Gorios Filho, MSc, and Prof. Diogo Borges · SOMAVET – Bone Reconstruction Center

Summary: the Ilizarov method uses a circular external fixator to stabilize bone and, through slow and controlled distraction, induce new bone formation. In dogs and cats it is used to correct deformities, lengthen limbs, treat complex fractures and reconstruct bone defects.

What the Ilizarov method is

Developed by Russian surgeon Gavriil Ilizarov, the method combines a circular external fixator, made of rings joined by rods and attached to the bone with thin tensioned wires, with the tension-stress principle: tissues under gradual, stable traction regenerate. The circular configuration provides multiplanar stability and allows early weight bearing.

Distraction osteogenesis

After an osteotomy, the bone segments are gradually separated in small daily increments. The gap is filled with new bone, which allows the limb to be lengthened, deformities to be corrected progressively, or a bone segment to be transported to close a defect.

Main indications in dogs and cats

Angular and rotational limb deformities, such as those of the radius and ulna (radius curvus) and the tibia.
Limb length discrepancy.
Complex, comminuted or open fractures.
Nonunions, bone defects and bone transport.
Cases with bone infection, where internal implants are less suitable.

Complications and revision surgery

The circular fixator is a key tool in revision cases: plate or screw failure, nonunions, surgical site infection and implant-associated osteomyelitis, and residual deformity after osteosynthesis or TPLO. Because wires and pins stay away from the infected or unstable site, it is possible to stabilize the bone, treat the infection and correct alignment at the same time.

3D planning

CT allows the bone to be reconstructed in 3D, joint axes and angles to be measured, the center of the deformity to be located, and the osteotomy and frame to be simulated before surgery. In the book, ten of these simulations can be viewed as videos via QR code in the Reader Area.

Learn more

The book Método Ilizarov na Prática Veterinária (in Portuguese) covers fundamentals, decision-making, biomechanics, frame assembly and commented cases. For hands-on training, see the courses.

Informational content for veterinarians. Indication and planning depend on the assessment of each patient.